NEWS INFORMATION
一、 農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展對現(xiàn)代加工技術(shù)的迫切需求
首先由于耕地面積的恢復(fù)和土地復(fù)種率的提高，“三農(nóng)”對農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的需求將呈現(xiàn)出剛性增長趨勢，近幾年都以8％的速度逐年遞增。
此外，糧食作物耕、種、收都需要農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品需求逐漸細(xì)分，伴隨著農(nóng)機(jī)的產(chǎn)品類型趨于多樣化專業(yè)化。其中大中型拖拉機(jī)、高性能的收獲類機(jī)械、大中型播種機(jī)需求進(jìn)一步增加，典型的機(jī)械設(shè)備如大中馬力拖拉機(jī)、中大型小麥聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)、玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)、小麥玉米免耕播種機(jī)等；新型的如油料作物生產(chǎn)所需的農(nóng)機(jī)得到了較快發(fā)展，如油菜收獲機(jī)、播種機(jī)、花生收獲機(jī)等，另外農(nóng)業(yè)落后的發(fā)展中國家墾荒也將增加對履拖及變型產(chǎn)品的需求。
隨著農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的不斷升級與新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，對新型加工方式提出了新的需求，如CAD/CAM、 激光加工技術(shù)、數(shù)控與自動化技術(shù)等，這些先進(jìn)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，將加快我國農(nóng)機(jī)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程。
二、 激光切割的主要優(yōu)勢及在農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用
農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的板金加工件一般采用4－6mm鋼板，板金件種類多，并且更新快，傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品板金加工件通常采用沖床方式，模具損耗大，通常一個(gè)大型的農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家用于模具存放的庫房就近300平米，由此可見，部件的加工如果仍然停留在傳統(tǒng)的方式，將嚴(yán)重制約產(chǎn)品的快速更新?lián)Q代與技術(shù)開發(fā)，而激光的柔性加工優(yōu)勢就體現(xiàn)出來了。
激光加工能借助現(xiàn)代的CAD/CAM軟件，實(shí)現(xiàn)任何形狀的板材切割，采用激光加工，不僅加工速度快，效率高，成本低，而且避免了模具或刀具更換，縮短了生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間周期。易于實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)加工，激光光束換位時(shí)間短，提高了生產(chǎn)效率?？蛇M(jìn)行多種工件交替安裝。一個(gè)工件加工時(shí)，可卸下已完成的部件，并安裝待加工工件，實(shí)現(xiàn)并行加工，減少安裝時(shí)間，增加激光加工時(shí)間。
激光切割的特點(diǎn)是：切縫窄、變形小、精度高、速度快、效率高。首先激光光能轉(zhuǎn)換成驚人的熱能保持在極小的區(qū)域內(nèi)，所以激光切割可提供：狹的直邊割縫；最小的鄰近切邊的熱影響區(qū)；極小的局部變形。激光束對工件不旋加任何力，它是無接觸切割工具，這就意味著工件無機(jī)械變形；無刀具磨損，也談不上刀具的替換問題；切割材料無需考慮它的硬度，也即激光切割能力不受被切材料硬度影響，任何硬度的材料都可切割。激光束可控性強(qiáng)，并有高的適應(yīng)性和柔性，因而與自動化裝備相結(jié)合很方便，容易實(shí)現(xiàn)切割過程自動化；由于不存在對切割工件的限制，激光束具有無限的仿形切割能力。
激光切割以其高速度、高精度、高質(zhì)量、節(jié)能環(huán)保等特點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代金屬加工的技術(shù)發(fā)展方向。在激光加工應(yīng)用中，激光切割占到了32%的市場份額。激光切割與其他切割方法相比,比較大區(qū)別是它具有高速、高精度和高適應(yīng)性的特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)還具有割縫細(xì)、熱影響區(qū)小、切割面質(zhì)量好、切割時(shí)無噪聲、切縫邊緣垂直度好、切邊光滑、切割過程容易實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化控制等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。激光切割板材時(shí),不需要模具,可以替代一些需要采用復(fù)雜大型模具的沖切加工方法,能大大縮短生產(chǎn)周期和降低成本。
三、 結(jié)論
農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)品加速更新?lián)Q代，更需要激光此類先進(jìn)的加工手段以縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期，提高產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)效率，尤其對新開發(fā)產(chǎn)品中的復(fù)雜零件激光切割更具優(yōu)勢，激光加工在農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)中將逐漸成為必不可少的加工手段，成為提升農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品裝備制造業(yè)現(xiàn)代化程度的新興增長點(diǎn)，成為改造傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)機(jī)制造的重要技術(shù)支撐，相信激光加工的廣泛應(yīng)用一定可以推動農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，用新型的技術(shù)手段為農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)創(chuàng)造共贏。
First of all, due to the recovery of cultivated land area and the improvement of land reseeding rate, the demand of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" for agricultural machinery will show a rigid growth trend, has Been Increasing at an annual rate of 8% in recent years. In addition, agricultural machinery products are needed for the cultivation, planting and harvesting of grain crops, and the demand for these products is gradually subdivided, with the diversification and specialization of the types of agricultural machinery products. Among them, the demand for large and medium-sized tractors, high-performance harvesters and large and medium-sized seeders has further increased, typical machinery and equipment such as large and medium horsepower tractors, medium and large wheat combine harvesters, corn combine harvesters, wheat and corn no-till planter, etc. , such as Rape Harvester, planter, Peanut Harvester, and other agricultural backwardness of developing countries will also increase the demand for crawler and variant products. With the continuous upgrading of agricultural machinery products and the development of new products, there is a new demand for new processing methods, such as CAD / Cam , laser processing technology, numerical control and automation, and the application of these advanced technologies, will speed up the process of modernization of agricultural machinery in China. Second, the main advantages of laser cutting and its application in agricultural machinery production, the plate metal processing parts of agricultural machinery products generally adopt 4-6 mm steel plate, the plate metal parts have many kinds and are updated quickly, and the traditional plate metal processing parts of agricultural machinery products usually adopt the way of punch, die Loss is large, usually a large manufacturer of agricultural machinery used for mold storage warehouse close to 300 square meters, thus, the processing of parts if still stuck in the traditional way, will seriously restrict the rapid product replacement and technological development, and laser flexible processing advantage is reflected. With the help of modern CAD / CAM software, laser processing can realize the cutting of any shape of sheet metal. It not only has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency and low cost, but also avoids the change of die or cutter and shortens the period of production preparation time. It is easy to realize continuous machining, short transposition time of laser beam and high production efficiency. It can be installed alternately with many kinds of work pieces. When a workpiece is processed, the finished parts can be removed and the workpiece to be processed can be installed to achieve parallel processing, reducing installation time and increasing laser processing time. Laser cutting is characterized by narrow slit, small deformation, high precision, fast speed and high efficiency. First, the laser light energy is converted into amazing heat energy that remains in a very small area, so laser cutting can provide: narrow straight-edge slits; minimal heat-affected areas adjacent to the cutting edge; and minimal local deformation. The laser beam does not add any force to the workpiece, it is a non-contact cutting tool, which means no mechanical deformation of the workpiece, no tool wear, nor the replacement of tools, cutting materials without considering its hardness, that is, laser cutting ability is not affected by the hardness of the material being cut, any hardness of the material can be cut. Laser beam has strong controllability, high adaptability and flexibility, so it is convenient to combine with automatic equipment, and it is easy to realize automatic cutting process. Laser cutting with its high speed, high precision, high quality, energy-saving and environmental protection, has become the technical development direction of modern metal processing. In laser processing applications, laser cutting accounted for 32% of the market share. Laser cutting and other cutting methods, the biggest difference is that it has high-speed, high-precision and high adaptability. At the same time, it has the advantages of fine cutting seam, small heat-affected area, good quality of cutting surface, no noise when cutting, good perpendicularity of cutting seam edge, smooth cutting edge and easy automatic control of cutting process. Laser cutting plate, do not need a mold, can replace some need to use complex large-scale die punching processing methods, can greatly shorten the production cycle and reduce costs. Conclusion: With the rapid development of the agricultural machinery industry and the accelerated replacement of products, it is necessary to use advanced processing methods such as laser to shorten the development cycle of products and improve the production efficiency, in particular, laser cutting of complex parts in newly developed products is more advantageous, and laser processing will gradually become an indispensable processing method in the production of agricultural machinery, and become an emerging growth point to upgrade the modernization degree of the agricultural machinery equipment manufacturing industry, it is believed that the wide application of laser processing will promote the rapid development of agricultural machinery industry and create the most win-win situation for agricultural machinery enterprises with new technology.